Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey

Tall Tales Things need not have happened to be true. Tales and adventures are the shadow truths that will endure when mere facts are dust and ashes and forgotten. –Neil Gaiman The escapades of wily Odysseus are ingrained into the hearts of countless children. The bedtime story of one man’s journey home and the obstacles he faces along the way forever lives on in youthful imagination. Alas, a problem arises when mythology-loving children grow up. Vocabulary and comprehension matures slowly over time, and, at some point, the youth is ready to delve into the feast that is Homer’s unabridged poetry.As the reader devours book after book of The Odyssey, he or she finds comforting familiarity in the stories, the characters, and the monsters, but something is not quite right. While hearing of Odysseus’ adventures as a child, the action was spoken from the steady voice of a omnipresent narrator, but in Homer’s work, the poet often speaks through Odysseus as a storyteller recounting his glorious past. This is when the disillusioned youth comes to a devastating conclusion: Odysseus is a liar.Homer distances himself as the poet from the more fantastic tales that the reader recognizes from youth: the Lotus eaters, the Laestrygonians, the Cyclops, Scylla and Charybdis, Circe, Aeolus and the winds. All these wondrous tales are told from the deceitful, crafty mouth of Odysseus. To the Phaeacians, he is a illustrious adventurer ready for derring-do at all times. To the knowing Athena, he claims to be a Cretan fugitive. And to Eumaeus and Telemachus, he in all his craftiness asserts that he is (while still a Cretan) a beggar who fought alongside the great Odysseus on the Trojan shore.Odysseus adopts these facades for different motives, but the response to his stories are unanimously positive. Through his stories, Odysseus does not sacrifice his integrity, rather he gains honor. When the eager reader reaches Book IX, he or she reaches some of th e most familiar events in Homer’s lore. Homer, through Odysseus’ account to the Phaecians, crafts some of the most thrilling action in the poem. Daring escapes, clever plans, and terrifying beasts are woven into a tapestry of wonder and enchantment. Yet for the great storyteller that he is, Odysseus s hesitant to relate his tale. â€Å"But now you wish to know my cause for sorrow / and thereby give me cause for more† (Homer 158). As exaggerated as the following account is, Odysseus seems to be truthful about his grief. Whether or not his men perished as he claims is not certain, but death was the end to their stories nonetheless. Odysseus honors the memory of these men by spinning a yarn so great that his men become immortal in his story. This does not, however, mean that he wishes to present his shipmates as faultless.He freely lays blame on the crew for releasing King Aeolus’ winds. By doing this, Odysseus proves his skill as a raconteur by showing manà ¢â‚¬â„¢s greedy nature and the consequences that are a result. Odysseus’ goal is not to raise himself up as the greatest of heroes either. He freely admits to his follies and to the deaths that heavy his heart with guilt. Odysseus confesses to his own human weaknesses saying, â€Å"Now, being a man, I could not help consenting† (189), when tempted by Circe to forgo his return home to Ithaca, putting his men in danger in the process.He even tells how one of his men, Eurylochus, blamed Odysseus for the death of his shipmates at the hands of the Cyclops, â€Å"That daring man! They died for his foolishness! † (190). He willingly admits to being overpowered by lust in the case of Circe, but he also tells of his tactical genius concerning the Sirens. Odysseus’ story is not a matter of boastfulness, rather a matter of honor, his own and that of his fallen comrades. Clearly, the Phaecians are satisfied with the narrative, â€Å"He ended it, and no one stirred o r sighed / in the shadowy hall, spellbound as they all were† (241).So impressed by the story and empathetic to Odysseus’ losses, in fact, that King Alcinous almost immediately loads his ship and has a Phaecian crew sail him back to Ithaca. The Phaecians are so entertained and enamored by Odysseus’ eloquence that they believe any word that flows from his lips, no matter how ludicrous. Odysseus does not set out to deceive his hosts, quite the opposite. When King Alcinous asks him to relate his travels, he does not want facts, he wants a story. After incurring the wrath of Poseidon one last time, Odysseus awakens on an Ithaca that he does not recognize thanks to Athena’s deviousness.When confront by the goddess in disguise, Odysseus â€Å"†¦ answered her / with read speech–not that he told the truth, / but, just as she did, held back what he knew, / weighing within himself at every step / what he made up to serve his turn† (250). After clai ming to be a Cretan fleeing his homeland after murdering a courier, Athena reveals herself to her favorite Odysseus. Then, surprisingly, she does not chastise him for lying, instead she praises him for his gift of deception, â€Å"Whoever gets around you must be sharp / and guileful as a snake; even a god / might bow to you in ways of dissimulation. You! You chameleon! † (251). Athena is not condoning Odysseus deceit, she is commending him. This prioritization of wit and cleverness over straight honesty is harder for modern readers to fully grasp than it would have been for the Greeks hearing the lovely recitation. Using the guise of a Cretan once more (fittingly because as the famous Cretan Epimenides once said, â€Å"All Cretans are liars,†) Odysseus tests the swineherd’s, Eumaeus’, loyalty and hospitality.Odysseus hints that Eumaeus’ master may be closer than he expects (263). In direct contrast to the Phaecians response, Eumaeus does not let hi mself believe the words of the stranger, how ever silver-tongued he may be. Eumaeus responds to the hidden Odysseus’ message of hope with pessimism concerning lonely Penelope, old Laertes, and absent Telemachus. In the manner of Greek hospitality, Odysseus and Eumaeus share a meal, wine, and stories, and while Eumaeus’ origin may not be as mythic as Odysseus, who is to say it is factual?His background is shared gracefully enough that even the esteemed Odysseus complements Eumaeus’ skill, â€Å"That was a fine story, and well told, / not a word out of place, not a pointless word† (275). When Telemachus returns, Odysseus carries on his charade. In the guise of a old beggar, Odysseus tests Telemachus’ valor saying, â€Å"If my heart were as young as yours, if I were / son to Odysseus, or the man himself, / I’d rather have my head cut from my shoulders / then to suffer the pestilence that is the suitors† (304).In rebuttal to this harsh in sult, Telemachus explains that Odysseus left him too young to prevent the suitors from swarming to Penelope. It is then that Athena deems it time to reveal Odysseus’ true form. This revelation and reunion is not only touching, but it also fills Telemachus with a pride and hunger to face the suitors. Odysseus disguised himself on Ithaca for almost four days before enacting revenge on the suitors who dishonor his home. Why would he wait so long? Why not burst through the doors right away and start cutting down men one by one?Odysseus never claims to be the strongest, the boldest, or even the bravest, but everyone knows that Odysseus is the wiliest. It is Odysseus, the master tactician and master of disguise, not a rage-filled berserker that reclaims his throne. It is safe to assume that Odysseus’ stories are not factual, but that in no way justifies the statement, â€Å"Odysseus is a liar. † His purpose in the story to the Phaecians is not to recount his travels v erbatim, rather he only wishes to convey the bravery of his men and the sadness in his heart. By the end of his tale, the hall is silent with grief.His reason for acting as a Cretan outlaw is not treachery, but an exercise in his great skill. He hides himself to his friends and family not out of malice, but so his intellectual stratagem banishes the suitors to Hades, not brute strength. Odysseus’s slyness and wit are to be admired, not admonished. When he announces his identity to the Phaecians, he does not cite his brute strength or skill in warfare as his gifts. He exclaims proudly, â€Å"I am Laertes’ son, Odysseus / Men hold me formidable for guile in peace and war: / this fame has gone abroad to the sky’s rim† (158).While heroes such as Achilles and Heracles establish their place in legend and eternity among Elysian fields with force and passion, Odysseus forever immortalized himself in the epics of the Ancients and the storybooks of children because of he is a â€Å"man of twists and turns† who knows how to tell a good story.Works Cited Gaiman, Neil. The Sandman Vol. 3: Dream Country. New York, New York: DC Comics, 1991. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. Garden City, New York: Doubleday ; Company, 1992.

A Critique of 205 Easy Ways to Save the Earth

A Critique of â€Å"205 Easy Ways to Save the Earth† by Thomas Friedman Foreign affairs columnist for the New York Times, Thomas Friedman, is a man who wants to try to change the world by trying to convince people to go green. But, he is convinced that going green is not as easy as everyone makes it sound. His article â€Å"205 Easy Ways to Save the Earth,† first published in 2007, presents several arguments attempting to convince people that while going green is difficult, it is possible.The author first discusses how we, as Americans, are not as green as we seem to be at first glance. He notes that we seem to only follow the â€Å"easy way to go green† and do not do nearly as much as we could for our planet. Furthermore he states that there are no â€Å"easy† ways to go green and that this word should never even be associated with the topic. Friedman points out that executives of large fuel companies are the only people who talk truthfully about the situ ation and that they take a guilty pleasure in knowing there is nothing we can really do about it.From what the CEO of electric company Chevron, David O’Reilly says, it could take decades for any change to occur, and at that time there will be even more people than what we are trying to meet the energy demands for now. Robert Socolow and Stephen Pacala, two professors at Princeton, are attempting to design scalable solutions to fix these problems. These two developed a pie chart, in which if eight of fifteen parts were completed, we would be on the right track for reducing our carbon emissions.Unfortunately, completing just one piece of the pie may be impossible with the way things seem to be going. Another individual, Nate Lewis a chemist at California Institute of Technology, claims that if we started trying to fix this problem right now, we would have to make as much clean energy as the energy we are currently consuming. With all of this being said even taking the first ste p towards a green revolution seems nearly impossible. Friedman starts his argument on this subject in a rather sarcastic way.He states â€Å"Who knew saving the Earth could be so easy–and in just under a minute† (290). While this does convey his opinion well, there are better ways of getting your point across. Overall though, the effectiveness of his entire argument is pretty well put together. He uses the phrase â€Å"green revolution† to describe this situation, and in using this term, he raises a good point. He goes on to say â€Å"A green revolution? Have you ever seen a revolution where no one got hurt? † (291). This is a very good way to put what he is trying to get across and what he is saying here is very true.To put it in simpler terms, he is saying that sacrifices will have to be made in order for any changes to take effect. Friedman also does a great job of laying out and breaking down what a systemic green strategy would look like into three e asy parts that make things seem so simple. The author gets this information not from what the books he read say but rather what he says is â€Å"left unsaid by these books† (293) Friedman then starts citing other author’s works to help his own ideas seem more plausible and convincing; beginning with Maniates.Freidman uses this author’s work to help support his own by showing that he agrees with Freidman’s idea that there are no easy was to go green and as soon as we realize this, the better (293). Freidman then goes on to compare how he explained the scale of the problem, in terms of weighing yourself (293), to Socolow and Pacala’s scale. The way that those two illustrate the scale of the problem definitely helps Friedman get his point across. He finishes by comparing his options to hard facts, Lewis’ calculations.Freidman says â€Å"his approach is useful in conveying the challenge† (297). It is indeed helpful, but it can at some poi nts be confusing when he goes deep into the calculations and statistics. Friedman has a natural writing style and he conveys what he is trying to say to the reader in a great way. His ideas about going green are inventive and, for the most part, are easy to comprehend. He is correct in what he says and his opinions are very agreeable. Going green is not easy and Friedman makes this very clear.Even though he does come straight out and say this, he backs himself up by providing multiple solutions to the situation. After considering what the author has to say, and looking at all the input that he provides on the situation, we can definitely agree with Thomas Friedman that going green is difficult but possible. Works Cited Friedman, Thomas L. â€Å"205 Easy Ways to Save the Earth. † Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. Ed. Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. 11th ed. New York: Longman, 2010. 289-99. Print.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

LOGO case study Essay

Introduction The essay is a strategic analysis for LEGO Group. LEGO Group is a famous toy company in the world, which established in Denmark. LEGO Brand is not only the familiar logo, but also the expectation. LEGO acts as a guarantee of quality and originality. LEGO’s core values are imagination, creativity, fun, learning, caring and quality. The essay will show strategic analysis by identifying the industry, analyzing general and industry environment, listing resources and capabilities, analyzing the company’s core competency, SWOT, current strategies. Then, giving the key issues. Finally, the essay will recommend the business-level strategy. Identifying The Industry Toy retail market increase 4 per cent per year in a moderate pace in 2010, but the demand for the specific fashion toy may surge or collapse rapidly. Thousands of toy manufacturers serve the global market, but the few lead industry. Mattel is the world’s leading toy manufacturer in revenue. LEGO is the world’s the third largest toy manufacturer. There are more and more toy manufactures in Asia because its labor is cheap and many subcontractors are ready to produce goods in behalf of their manufacture. Toy makers sell products through various retail channels, including chain stores, discount stores, independent toy specialists, department stores and online stores. There are three points, which need to pay attention to. Firstly, fad toys are more popular and the product life cycle decrease. Additional, children have more after-school activities. Finally, more kids choose online activities more than toys. The substitute product for toys is electronic games. Analysis of the general environments Economic element Generally, the word’s economy is still unoptimistic in the recent. Although European debt crisis has been lightened conditionally, its negative effect to global economy still last for a certain time. Labor cost is increasing. Because of multiple factors, the total cost of toy improves significantly, while its profit rate falling sharply. Socio-culture â€Å"Multiculturalism† is source of innovation and creativity. LEGO design department has more than 100 designers from more than 10 countries, satellite support team scattered all over the continents. LEGO design team maintains deliberately the diversity of designers from a variety of educational and professional background. People with any qualifications and background has the potential to become a member of this great design team. LEGO takes part in many public welfare activities for children, for example, encouraging children to joining in environment protection. LEGO has good relationship and trust. LEGO CEO Knudstrop makes a psychoanalyst to train the management team to support the good relationship. The peak of LEGO sale is during the school holidays, especially in Christmas (Yi 2009). Global element LEGO’ come products are made by plastic and chemical resource, that the price of these is influenced by the price of international crude oil. For global market, Knudstrop said that Asia market would be the company’s largest strategic area in the future and LEGO was discussing the possibility of establishing production bases. LEGO Group has not shared a strong market position in BRIC. The market in BRIC will develop strongly in the future and LEGO Groups tries to invest in the markets. For outsourcing, LEGO chooses service provider Flextrinics, which has factories in Korea, Denmark, the USA and Switzerland. Technology element In 1999, LEGO had the online shop. This decision help LEGO get more consumers. Bases on the most adept building blocks, Lego developed some braining games based on personal computer and the Internet, such as LEGO Loco, Bionicle, Lego Creator, etc. These innovations have satisfied consumer group growing in the virtual age. LEGO interact with consumers through Internet. In 2009, LEGO Children Clubs has members about 3.2 million and a dedicated website. Many adult fans of LEGO share experience, videos and pictures on the Internet. Political/legal element Global political environment is stable in general in the current. International relation between main political powers in the world has gotten a balance after strong competition, which is relative stable. To creating a favorable atmosphere for economic development and encouraging a positive development of the toy industry, most countries seek a stable, peaceful and develop international environment. Analysis of the industry Environment Bargaining power of buyers There are a few large buyers, which are large retail chains such as Kmart, Target and Big W in Australia. They buy products from many different brands. Buyers bargain for higher quality, lower price and great level of service. Bargaining power of suppliers For toy industry, there is no bargaining power of suppliers because there are many different suppliers in this industry. Risk of new entrants For toy industry, new companies are easy to entry the industry because toy industry has fewer berries. The products are similar, which is easy to copy. Toy industry does not need new firms to invest a lot and switching costs are low because most consumers so not have the loyalty. If the products are more attractive, consumers will buy, especially major target people are children. It is easy to access to distribution channels, but it is hard to cover the market because many retail ways about toys, including online stores, department stores and so on. Threat of substitute products Substitute products perform the similar function as toys, which are electronic games. As technology has improved rapidly, more children prefer to use iPod or iPad to play electronic games. Threat of substitute products is very high, which is very important. Intensity of rivalry For toy industry, there are many competitors. The rate of industry growth is  slow, so companies try to use resources to expanding consumers effectively. Because product differentiation is lower, the switching cost is low. More companies enter the industry, which promoting competition. To sum up, for toy industry, threat of new entrants is low, supplier power is low, buyer power is moderately high, threat of substitute products is very high and competition is very fierce. It observes that the toy industry is still an attractive industry. There are nearly no barriers to entry the industry. As technology improves rapidly, new scientific research and manufacturing technology apply to the toy industry continually which due to more and more new toys with high technology. If new companies have wonderful ideas or design teams, it is easy to share the market. However intensity of rivalry is high, companies still can get consumer base by catering to the demand of consumers. Because buyer power is high, new entrants do not worry about their sale ways. Analysis of Resources and Capabilities Tangible resources Tangible resources refer to assets that can be observed and quantified, including financial resources, organizational resources, physical resources and technological resources. LEGO has total assets for 10972 million DKK in 2010, 871 million DKK in cash flows and 5473 million DKK in equity. LEGO has a strong operating system to deal with earlier supply chain problems. The company developed systems to evaluating all manufacturing cost as well. The optimization of complex operating model is successful, which helps LEGO save cost and time. Additionally, LEGO’s trademark is the significant resource. Intangible resources Intangible resources are a superior source of capabilities and core competencies. Creativity is the ability to come up with ideas that is valuable. Staffs are important resource because they have employee experience and the ability of innovation. LEGO Group has the great reputation from excellence quality. LEGO has the fantastic relationship with suppliers and distributors, which can reduce unnecessary problem and makes  operating system more successful. LEGO has huge loyal consumer bases, Capabilities LEGO has a fantastic innovating system. Developers have to follow strict process and use market research insights, which can satisfy the market demand and avoid design mistakes. In marketing area, LEGO has great connections with consumers. The company has a specific website for customer club, which interact with consumers by games, stories and activities. The club has the member about 320 million. In manufacturing areas, the company has competitive advantage, which is high automation technology. For supply chain management, the company’s production planning comes from sales incentives’ exact forecasts. In distribution areas, the company builds distribution channels in order to reducing the emphasis on the expansion of the distribution costs. Innovating system is valuable, because this capability promotes the sales levels. The innovation must cover the fashion and make consumers satisfied. Each company knows this concept well, so it is not closely to imitate. The company informs customer preferences by interaction with customers and builds relationship with children and their parents, who are end users. The company also keeps in touch with retail consumers to ensuring that these links operate well, because they can provide a steady stream of information. This process needs long time and much money to build the relationship, so it is costly to imitate. Lego building distribution channels in order to reducing the emphasis on the expansion of the distribution costs. Firstly, the company reduces the number of logistics providers to satisfying the flexibility and encouraging suppliers to competing. At the same time, the company assesses to economies of scale. Redesign the distribution system of the company has the ability to surpass rival. This is rare and valuable. To do this action, the company cost a lot, so it is costly to imitate. The high automation technology is rare and valuable, which reduces labor cost and producing time. This technology needs a long time to researching and developing, which is hard to imitate. SWOT Analysis Strengths Closely after the changes of the times perhaps is the most significant feature of LEGO. In 2002, LEGO launches new products, a new Star Wars film, which is very popular. LEGO began to taking advantages of internet in designing and researching. Currently, LEGO has a large number of fans, including children and kids. The company pays more attention to reflection of consumers. The company expands the market in many countries. Weaknesses The price is higher than other toys and the company does not have enough  hypostatic stores to satisfy the consumers. Most LEGO products sell in department stores and retail stores. It is not convenience for consumers to purchase products. The high cost of manufacturing products. Opportunities LEGO products sale is concerned about seasons. The peak of sales in one year is during school holidays, especially Christmas (Yi 2009). The consumers are no concerned about ages. LEGO products are no age-limited toys and anyone can collect LEGO products. The Asia market has the great potential. Threats The substitute is the threat, which are online games. Online games affect the LEGO sales, however, LEGO has the solutions. For example, improve products to make it technological. Analysis of current strategies Currently, LEGO redesign the distribution channel to reducing the inflating distribution cost. As for this, LEGO closed 5 distribution centers in Denmark, France and Germany, establishes an only new distribution center in Czech, which is operated by DHL (walwenfanyi, 2012). Lego keep interacting with consumers to get more information the about market needs, which takes the strength of the company. Now the company develops computer games based on the LEGO products by cooperating with game firms. The company cooperates with film organizations to making movies as well (walwenfanyi, 2012). These cooperation has bee a part of LEGO Group that has long history. These actions take the strength and are the solutions to face threats. Articulation of key issues and/or problem How to reduce the manufacturing cost? Although LEGO Group grows up continually and rapidly, its consumers can not follow the increasing rate? What should the company do? How to expand the Asia market? Recommendations Cost leadership strategy Cost leadership strategy forces on reducing cost to maintain competitive advantages and relative to standardized products. To achieving cost leadership, the company must strictly control costs in the management, will reduce costs as much as possible. Considered the Asia market, Cost  leadership strategic is a good choice. There are more developing countries in Asia, so the life standard is lower than Europe. If LEGO can reduce the price, there are consumers will purchase goods. However, manufacture area is the weakness of the company and the company has redesigned the distribution channels. There are no more space to reducing the cost. Differentiation strategy Differentiation strategy refers to a strategy to make their products and competitors’ products have obvious differences. The core of this strategy is to acquire some unique value to customers. For LEGO Group, this strategy’s benefits are that the firm’s innovation system that pays more attention to consumers demand can be appeared. LEGO’s consumers have brand loyalty and there are millions of fans in the LEGO Club. There are some risks about differentiation strategy. When the company enters the Asia market, the firm will face the lower-cost imitation. Focus strategy Focus strategy gets the balance between cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Firms can serve a specific segment of an industry more effectively than industry-wide competitors. This strategy fits the toy industry a lot, because the major target consumers of this industry are children. However, for LEGO, the focus strategy is hard to reach. The reason is that LEGO’s target consumers are no age-limited people, which is its strength. In Conclusion, differentiation strategy is the best choice for LEGO Group. LEGO products were different from other products when it launched in the beginning. LEGO has the great brand loyalty, so that a differentiated product tends to reduce the chances for consumers to testing new products or other brands. Currently, the manufacturing cost is a problem. However, LEGO Group cannot use low cost instead of good quality. The firm can produce well-differentiated products to reduce consumer sensitivity to price increase. Using the better quality products to cover the high producing cost. The firm should use its strengths that are brand loyalty and innovation to expand the markets. The differentiation strategy also can  defend against new entrants, because if new entrants want to share the market from LEGO, they must produce the same quality products at lower price, which is really difficult to reach. Conclusion The above paragraphs recommend differentiation strategy by analyzing the industry, general environment, industry environment and the company’s resources, capabilities, core competency, SWOT and current strategies. LEGO can use differentiation strategy as the solutions to current issues. Using the features of differentiation to taking strengths to covering weaknesses and getting up the opportunities and avoid threats. Reference Jan, WR, Stefan, HT & Daniela, B, 2012. ‘LEGO’, Harvard Business School [7 September 2014] Waiwenfanyi, LEGO competency analysis, 2013. Available from: < http://www.waiwenfanyi.com/fanyi-1492.html> [9 September 2014] Yi, FL 2009, â€Å"LEGO sales strategic plan†, Dongding. Available from: [9 September 2014]

Monday, July 29, 2019

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Annotated Bibliography Example Whether or not guns should be allowed is not the central issue that is up for debate; rather, the issue at hand is the ease and availability that is unilaterally shared by almost all of the purveyors of these massacres. The author argues that when one examines the rate at which laws and governance has grown and evolved since the time of the founding fathers, it is easy to note that key differences in the means by which the citizen integrates with concepts of property taxes, public education, and emergency services (not to mention a whole host of others); the reader can quickly come to the realization that the means by which government interacts with the citizen is undeniably far distant from the means that originally existed. The author argues that a correct level of gun control could at least attempt to lessen the availability of certain aspects of these instruments of destruction. Naturally, the issue that is up for discussion hinges not upon whether these deaths may have occurred regardless; but rather upon the question of to what level the bloodletting would have happened if proper societal and governmental constraints were in place to restrict the availability of certain aspects of weapons, high capacity magazines, and the means by which they could be

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Marketing research proposal Mercedes-Benz( how can MB attract costumer

Marketing Mercedes-Benz( how can MB attract costumer from age 27-37 in USA) - Research Proposal Example Therefore, the main concern of the company is to attract potential automobile users in the USA from the age group 27-37 years and evaluate their expectation on cars in the near future. Moving to the higher car market segment and selling premium cars can result to be the best marketing strategies for the automobile companies. Though companies are trying to enter a new market by creating a niche for itself or diversifying their existing vehicle line, technologies and effective strategies in selling high end cars at higher price range requires efficient marketing approaches than those positioned as affordable vehicles. The marketing strategies applied for premium automobiles, needs to focus on the quality it is providing, luxury, its safety, premium maintenance service and extending these features to meet the preferences of the customers (Dvir and Strasser 831). The marketing and advertising strategies planned must not leave any ambiguity on the premium value of the car. To achieve that, firstly the vehicle and the brand must be of high-quality themselves. The propagation of the product features and attributes must be in such a way through the audio and visual medium that it will allow its buyers to gain a high sense of priority and exclusiveness as if they are special. The communications strategies must be implemented in a way that make their customer realize that they are investing on high worth, top-quality product. Promotions on premium magazines, television channels and shows attracting HNI audiences, radio ads should be the main target (Saridakis and Baltas 5-10). The vehicle brand should position itself as the car with style, comfort and luxury. Self-indulgence must be the key factor of the marketing strategy. The attributes of the car, from its premium quality seat material, color, texture, interior and exterior designing, the ambience, experience of

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Environmental ocean hcom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental ocean hcom - Essay Example In result, these pollutants indirectly affect humans and other animals that depend on marine resources (â€Å"Ocean Pollution†). One manifestation of an indirect effect of pollutants to humans is beach closings. Beaches that have unsafe levels of bacteria and chemicals are mandated to be closed due to health and environmental concerns (â€Å"Beach Closings). As reported by the Natural Resources Defense Council‘s (NRDC) 2009 annual survey, it has reached a massive amount of 18,000 reports of beach closings (â€Å"Beach Closings†). The causes of beach pollution includes Urban water run-offs, Boat wastes, Beach goers, Leaking sewage pipes and Malfunctioning sewage treatment plants, Wildlife and Pet Wastes, and Agricultural Discharges and Runoffs (â€Å"Beach Closings†). According to Marinelife.about.com, marine pollution affects not just the fishes that shelter in the ocean but also the creatures that feed on these animals. When there are less marine animals for the predators to eat, then there will be more competition for food within that species affecting all organisms in the food chain (à ¢â‚¬Å"Marine Life†). Another effect of marine pollution is the climate change. It largely affects the agricultural croplands and food production making the prices of food to rise. Food crisis is a possibility if this continues (â€Å"Climate Change: Food

Friday, July 26, 2019

Investigation Of A Turner Circuit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Investigation Of A Turner Circuit - Essay Example The lab report is detailed on the testing as well the design used in the construction of a tuner circuit. Being that students are supposed to actively take part in the practical in terms of setting frequencies before checking output waveforms, they become better at understanding the operation of the tuner circuit. In this report, therefore, emphasis is on assessing a tuner circuit in order to understand its features better. A circuit allowing an output only at a given frequency forms a tuner circuit. The use of a turner circuit is mainly in the communications industry for selecting of channels. Besides, it plays the role of a sub-system in that it concerts selected carrier frequency as well as its bandwidth into a fixed frequency that is in turn proper in processing from the received radio frequencies (RF). The AM/FM broadcast transmissions then feed the demodulator with the intermediate frequency (IF) and the demodulator in turn converts the radio signal into audio-frequency signals that enable driving a loudspeaker. Applications of wider frequency bandwidth are in transmissions that are more complicated such as DVB-S/DVB-T/DVB-D in digital TV, PAL/NTSC in TV and DAB for digital radio. Frequency bandwidths are equally transmitted as IFs with the use of several sub-carriers in the receiver. If the whole bandwidth undergoes sampling with A/D at a faster rate, the sub-carrier processing takes place (Learn about Electronics.com, 2011). The expected rate is at least twice the IF frequency.

Challenge of treatment low to medium strength municipal wastewater Dissertation

Challenge of treatment low to medium strength municipal wastewater from ambient to low temperature by using UASB reactors - Dissertation Example A, Boncz 2001, "Anaerobic Digestion Congress." Belgium. This book expounds on the ninth world congress. It gives a detailed study on the anaerobic digestion with reference to the proceedings in that congress. A, Charlier C 1994, Water Science Technology. Washington DC: Sage Publishers. This book is rich on data regarding the challenges prone in urban water management. It informs on municipal wastewater treatments by provide basic and necessary guidelines. Augusto, Carlos, and De Lemos Chernicharo 2007, Anaerobic Reactors. IWA. This books covers on several aspects regarding anaerobic reactors. It gives details on the principles of anaerobic digestion, biomass in the anaerobic systems along with designs in anaerobic reactors. Barbosa 1995, Wastewater Examination. Washington DC: Sage. Barbosa gives an account on waste and wastewater analysis. This is through providing details with physical analysis, sampling, instrumental analysis, chemical analysis, floatable analysis, organic analysis , statistical analysis and treatability analysis. Bhat, P., M.S. Kumar, and S.N. Mudliar. Biodegradation of tech-hexachlorocyclohexane. The authors give an account on biodegradation and biological treatmensts. Elsevier, 2006.Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions. International Water Assoc. The author gives an account on wastewater treatment, characteristic and disposal in warm climatic regions. He gives details on water pollution and water quality before giving an account on waste water systems. C, Forestor F, and Chacin F 1997, Bio-resource Technology. New York: Maccmilan. Chacin and forester provide a very significant an easy to use management and applications of biotechnology. The book gives a state to art research on biotechnological inventions and innovation, especially for commercial exploiting. Chaggu 2004, Modified Pitlatrines. Wageningen : Wageningen University. This book is based on anaerobic treatments with fish processing in the wastes. It defined the a naerobic hydrolysis of lipids and proteins in fish processing on wastewaters. The author also gives an account on the use of ammonia and sodium chloride in the anaerobic treatment of lipids and proteins. Chernicharo, Carlos Augusto de Lemos 2005, Biological wastewater treatment in warm climate . IWA Publishing. The author gives an over view on sludge disposal and treatment in the perspective of slid concentrations, levels and flow. D, Mavinic S 1994, Water Environment. Wageningen : Wageningen University. Mavinic gives a detailed study on the climatic changes and their implications on water environments. He addresses this aspect from a wide range of approaches inclusive of the geographic and temporal and geographic perspectives. Lisa, Orphan, and Blaszcyk Kosaric 1999, UASR Water Science Technology. New York: New York University Press. The book by Lisa and Kosaric describes different ways in which technology has been used in the development of all aspects of UASR especially when rela ted to water and raw sewage. M, Kato T 1994, Low Strength Water Treatment. Wageningen: Press Publishers. Kato’s book has identification of the different water and sewage treatment using both low strengths. This book shows the different interactions of water strength as well as how these operations are useful in the treatment of sewage. Mara, David Duncan 2004, Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Design and Construction of Motorway Project Essay

Design and Construction of Motorway Project - Essay Example Through utilization of these regulations, project managers could ensure that safety and health applications remain present throughout engineering project implementation period. While engineering projects remain essential for development of the country, the impacts of the implementation process for these projects could be catastrophic. The reduction of imminent risks within the projects remains essential towards safe implementation of the entire project (Bailey, 2002). The aim of this report remains identifying the imminent hazards within the project that could present a danger to people working on the project. This report seeks to establish an informed analysis concerning the health and safety regulation required in engineering projects. Through identification of the imminent risks, the contractors could essentially implement safety operation processes, significantly reducing safety concerns during construction. This report seeks to identify the imminent hazards for contractors durin g construction and workers after project completion. The project engineers could utilize the proposals contained in this report in ensuring safety for individuals involved in the project. Description of works This project involves construction of a motorway seeking to replace the existing M8 between Glasgow and Edinburgh. The project shall involve numerous and continuous excavation processes within the lifetime of construction. The excavation process involves the production of massive amounts of dust, which becomes a potential health hazard for individuals living within the vicinity, and the people working on the project. The process of excavating materials within the construction site comes at the centre of the project. Through excavation, the engineers could achieve a significant level of project implementation. Designing the site into the required form shall involve a continuous bulk excavation process. The proposed route for the motorway passes through Greenfield and Brownfield land, which continue to be associated with mining of different minerals. These areas have numerous deposits of coal and steels minerals. During the construction process, the materials excavated from the site should be carefully handled to reduce the prevalent risks produced by the mining processes of these minerals. While different activities might be affected by construction, the imminent hazards following excavation through coal mines remain a surmountable safety concern. Upon removal of the topsoil, an analysis of the contents of the soil should e performed to determine the presence of harmful elements within the soil. Through this analysis, proper disposal methods could be implemented to ensure reduction of the imminent hazards produced by the material. The project could potentially generate a significant amount of waste materials and remnants of the construction materials utilized. Following the completion of the project, disposal of these materials is likely to become fundamen tal in ensuring safe working environment for people maintaining the project. Disposal of the waste materials generated remains a fundamental post-construction safety and health concern. The waste disposal operation seeks to ensure the environment remains safe for the people after completion of the project (Lagrega et al, 2010). The maintenance employees would be working in safe environments when all generated wastes become

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc - Essay Example When Apple was established in 1977, a three point marketing philosophy was assembled by founding members, which also became the underlying market strategy for the company (Forbes, 2012). The company still runs on these three marketing and strategic principles, where all planning and implementation processes are based on above strategies. These are;1. Empathy: Understanding exact needs of the consumers and identifying them in a faster and better manner compared to any other organization.2. Focus: Eliminating all issues and problems before utilizing internal and external opportunities.3. Impute: A book is always judged by its outer appearance or cover. Similarly, making a great service or product will not prove beneficial if the offerings are communicated ineffectively. This is where the marketing strategies come into action. The offerings are presented in a professional and creative manner imputing the desired attributes. Apple has been integrating its marketing strategies with the ab ove marketing principles and has successfully achieved sustainable competitive advantage. According to Chimhanzi and Morgan (2005), companies focusing on human resource and marketing alignment are able to attain success faster and in a more convenient manner compared to those, whose focus is directed only at profit making strategies. Hence, findings provide an important input that marketing executives should improve their relationship with the human resource departments through strategies such as, written communication and joint rewards.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Cause and Effects of the invention of the Handphone Essay

Cause and Effects of the invention of the Handphone - Essay Example ated with using its sister-appliances – the telephone that had to be used within an area having a landline, and the carphone that involved using a device that was specially designed and fitted into automobiles. In both cases, the telephone users were forced to use the devices only when in close proximity to them {either at home/workplace or in the automobile}. The second cause was the bulky size of the telephone and carphone. People needed to have a smaller, lighter device that could be carried around easily. The third cause was the troublesome before and after subscription activities. Applying for a landline telephone is a lengthy process involving filling in bulky application forms, visiting the telecommunications office and waiting for subsequent installation visits by their technicians. For carphones, there is the hassle of ensuring that the chosen model fits correctly into the vehicle. Telephone or carphone bills have to be paid on time to ensure that the service is not t erminated. The fourth cause was that there was no text message that could be referred to; users of the telephone and carphone were constrained to limit their message to words, many of which are bound to be forgotten once the conversation ended. The last cause was the danger of being involved in car accidents due to diversion of attention caused by carphone conversations. The invention of the handphone has had several effects on society. First of all, people are able to benefit not only from communication via conversations, but in many other ways. The handphone has several other services such as Short Message Service {SMS} for exchanging text messages, email, packet switching to gain connection to the Internet, Bluetooth, games, camera with video recording and Multimedia Messaging Service {MMS} that can send and receive photographs and video clippings. Secondly, there is no restriction to using the handphone; it can be used in all areas where there could be no communication earlier, such as

Monday, July 22, 2019

Sports Injuries Essay Example for Free

Sports Injuries Essay I have researched this particular assignment with a strong desire to help in preventing sports injuries. As a sport instructor, I would not allow anyone to play that did not know the rules of the game and had knowledge of the consequences of breaking the rules of the game. In my research, I found that knee injuries were ranked among the second highest most injured body site. Knee injuries are often very costly and involve procedures that require extensive and expensive post surgery rehabilitation and can increase risk of early onset osteoarthritis. Without effective interventions, the burden of knee surgeries and rehabilitation will continue to grow as the number of high school athletes continues to grow. I also learned that illegal sports activity is a much over-looked risk factor for sports related injury. I would punish behaviors that involved illegal activity on the field or at practices. The game would go on, and the player that did whatever it took to win using risky play would not be allowed to participate. As an educator of sports, I have the knowledge and the authority to help these athletes prevent risks to their bodies that may later on foster a sedentary lifestyle which is more harmful to them than playing the game that an injury may occur even if you do not play illegally. I most certainly would not ever put someone on the field knowing the were going to play and break the rules of the game just to WIN. I would enforce the rules and target education about the dangers of illegal activity that lead to many sports injuries. As an instructor, if you dont warm up, understand the rules of the game, engage in team sportsmanship, and follow my requirements;you simply will not play. You can also risk other players when you play in a way that breaks the rules that have been set forth by the sports, referees, and coaches. My philosophy is do it the way you are taught and told to do, or just dont do it at all.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Street gangs in America

Street gangs in America Street gangs in America: Street gangs are the new big problem of organized crime in America. Gangs started out as a minor nuisance to society, but they have become to a massive crime force in America. They account for much of Americas violence as well as trafficking drugs throughout the states (Drugs and Gangs). If they are not taken care of soon, they will get out of hand. Street gangs in America are growing in size due to increases in poverty as well as the influence of peer pressure, and they are becoming increasingly violent because of gang wars and drug trafficking. The old street gangs were very different from the modern day gangs. In early street gangs groups of kids, usually poor children would come together for support (Gardner, 19). These groups would spend a lot of time together and get into trouble with the law, but they were not dangerous to innocent bystanders, and did not pose a threat to America (20). These groups would gather to talk, insult and make fun of each other jokingly, and shoot hoops at the park (20). Modern street gangs are changing into profit driven groups that traffic drugs throughout the nation and are committed to violence. Modern gangs are much larger having about 731,000 active gang members (Organized Gangs). National street gangs pose the greatest threat of all because they smuggle, produce, transport, and distribute large quantities of illegal drugs throughout the country and are extremely violent. Early gangs were not very organized, modern day gangs are very organized. Modern gangs have ranking system that they follow. Gang activity rises and falls periodically and the ranks of members are determined by who has recently been arrested or killed (Stewart 31). The core of the gang is made up of the â€Å"hard-core† members. These are the members that are actually committing the bad crimes and will probably be in the gang for the rest of their life. The rest of the gang is made up of â€Å" wanna-be† members. These members are either not really part of the gang or have not committed any initiation crimes to become a part of the gang. In todays gangs teens as old as nine or ten can be a part of drug trafficking, all they have to do is hand over the little bag and hold on to the money until an overseer comes and grabs the money (â€Å"Drugs and Gangs†). Although some gangs have leaders, many do not. Typically, gangs with leaders are not very well organized because most of the time gang crimes are nearly all carried out on impulse (Gardner 21). Some national street gangs are very organized, with as many as 100,000 members and associates. The most highly organized gangs, such as Latin Kings, Gangster Disciples, and Vice Lords, Bloods and the Crips have centralized leadership cores (â€Å"organized gangs†). Usually there is little forethought when it comes to gang crime and violence because most gang crime occurs when two rival gangs encounter each other, no matter where they are or what they are doing. Most gangs will have different rankings. For example, an O.G or Original Gangster will usually teach the younger members how stuff works before they take their spot. Gang hierarchy is followed by nearly every gang. Street gangs have increased in size because of the bad economy in America. There are roughly 21,500 gangs in America and more than 731,000 active gang members (â€Å"Organized gangs†). The poor state of the economy is causing many people to lose their jobs, and forcing more Americas into poverty. People who are faced with a lack of money may turn to crime if they cant earn enough with a real job. This partly explains why gangs exist in poor, areas of cities. Although not everyone who decides to joins a gang is poor, and not every gang member is poor (Gardner 51). While poverty does draw much of Americas youth to gangs there is still many poor teens who are not in gangs. Siblings in gangs have a strong influence for their brothers or sisters along with teens to join and become a member of their street gangs. Gangs also provide a way to make money, and sometimes lots of it. Poverty is one of the main reason teens and young adults get pulled into joining street gangs. Although poverty does attract many youth to gangs, peer pressure is also a big factor. There is peer pressure in every teens life. A lot of gang members are very young, gangs intentionally recruit teenagers (Gardner 41). They do this because no matter what kind of trouble a teen gets into they cannot go to jail for their crime. Some young teenagers may join gangs to earn respect from others (Osman 36). Most teens that live in parts of a city with gang presence usually have friends that are in at least one gang. Those friends will pressure the teen into joining their gang. Often youth will get harassed or â€Å"beat up† until they accept and join the gang (37). Another reason teens may end up joining a gang is for protection (33). But joining a gang often brings bigger threat because are vulnerable to getting attacked by a rival gang. Gang influence in schools is also a big problem, if they youth goes to a school with a strong gang presence, they might find that many of their f riends are joining gangs and follow them (â€Å"a reputation for being tough and a good fighter is important for many kids† (Gardner 41). About twenty-eight percent of schools have reported street gang presence in their school (Drugs and Gangs). Gang presence in schools is just another factor that pushes teens to join gangs. â€Å"Resisting peer pressure as every teenager knows is tough†. You have to have a high self esteem, strong motivation and a good support system (Gardner, 30). As gangs increase in popularity, gang violence does to. Gang violence is rising due to availability of new guns and cars. Gang members are now getting their hands on AK-47s, Submachine guns, M 16s, Uzis, and semi automatic pistols. Sgt. Joe Guzman, a sheriff gang expert told the Los Angeles times â€Å"Today instead of brawling, its all about the fire power and taking people out† (qtd. in Osman 55). This is because in the past gang fights would be a brawl of twenty to thirty using just fists. These modern day guns are way more effective and dangerous than guns in the past, these guns kill much quicker with even a single bullet can end someones life. Any gang member can easily hide a gun while walking on the street, quickly pull it out and kill someone within seconds. Guns are one of the leading reasons why gang violence is increasing. Having more than one gang in a city is also a major cause for gang violence. Because gangs have their territories or turf even living around a certain area is enough to get attacked, robbed, or even killed (Gardner 13). Gang territories are marked by crews.† Crews claim they are non violent, but they mark their turf with graffiti encouraging vandalism and gang violence over the turf (street gangs in America 60). When more the one gang is present in a single city or area, there is bound to be a rise in crime in the area. The Los Angeles Crips and their enemies the Bloods are famous their rivalry and fighting over turf with each other (Gardner 40). On top of the acts of violence, street gangs are now seeking profit by dealing illegal durgs throughout America. Many gangs that started as turf gangs are now evolving into money making criminal organization whose activities include not just drugs but, smuggling, transportation, and wholesale distribution of the illegal drugs (â€Å"Organized gangs†). â€Å"Large, nationally affiliated street gangs pose the greatest threat because they smuggle, produce, transport, and distribute large quantities of illegal drugs throughout the country and are extremely violent† (Drugs and Gangs). â€Å"About 3.5 million individuals age 18 and older have admitted to having injected an illegal drug during their lifetime. Of these individuals, 14 percent or (498,000) were under the age of 25† (National Drug Intelligence Center). Gangs convert cocaine into crack cocaine and make almost all the PCP in America. Some gangs make millions per month selling illegal drugs, distributing weap ons, operating prostitute businesses, and selling stolen property (Drugs and Gangs). Street gangs have now moved to new areas, specifically rural and suburban areas, to avoid the police and get new customers (â€Å"Organized Gangs†). Profit driven gangs relentlessly traffic drugs throughout America, and they will use violence without a second thought to continue their operation. There are also Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) outside of America that are distributing drugs into the United States. Mexican Drug trafficking organizations are one of the biggest problems of why there is such a large amount of drugs in America. Street gangs in America are seeking to establish connections with Mexican DTOs to expand their drug trafficking organizations (â€Å"Organized Gangs†). Mexican DTOs and criminal groups exhibit far greater influence over drug trafficking in the United States than any other group, and their influence is increasing, particularly with respect to cocaine and methamphetamine distribution (â€Å"Organized gangs†). Many gangs have developed or relationships now with nationwide criminal organizations and DTOs. These relationships provide gangs with access to much more illegal drugs then the gangs can get their hands on in just the United States alone (â€Å"National Level†). Most of the illegal drugs come from out o f the country, but still find their way into America. The threat posed by gangs will increase as gangs become better structured; more sophisticated, and develop their markets. This threat is magnified by the high and increasing level of violence associated with expansion of drug trafficking activities by gang. Street gangs in America are growing in size due to the increase in poverty as well as the influence of peer pressure and these gangs are becoming increasingly violent because of gang wars and drug trafficking. Gangs are growing in size and their use of violence becoming a much bigger problem. These gangs constantly distribute drugs through the states around the country and are getting more and more youths addicted too these illegal substances. If gangs are not dealt with and stopped soon they will get way out of hand. Americans must realize what gangs are doing to the country and our youth. The modern street gang problem must be solved so that America can live in peace and knowing that the youth will be safe from street gangs.

Euthanasia: The Debate

Euthanasia: The Debate The term euthanasia is originated from the Greek meaning well death. In the past, the term has often been used in English literature as a welcome way to depart quietly and well from life. Today, however, the connotation has been altered and the most commonly understood meaning of the word has become the practice of ending life in a painless manner mercy killing. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Modern English, the definition of euthanasia refers to the act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment. As such, in definition, the term euthanasia is defined as a legally approved and medically assisted mercy killing. However, in most countries, any practice of euthanasia is illegal no matter it is supported by the medical professionals or not. This then leads one to consider two fundamental questions regarding euthanasia. First, is euthanasia ethical? Second, depending on the answer of the first question, should euthanasia be legalized? The question as to whether euthanasia is ethical or unethical has been in debate over the years, from Jack Kevorkian, an euthanasia activist assisting at least 130 patients to their ends, to the 2006 Supreme Court ruling on Oregons Death with Dignity Act. Many professionals in different fields such as philosophers, scientists, religious leaders, lawyers, doctors have been debating over the issues of right to die and dignity of human life. Decision whether to consider euthanasia as an ethical or non-ethical conduct depends on individual; however, one may set three fundamental questions as their guidelines to ascertain their beliefs and understand opposing viewpoints. 1. Is it ever right for another person to end the life of a terminally ill patient who is in severe pain or enduring other suffering? 2. If euthanasia is sometimes right, under what circumstances is it right? 3. Is there any m oral difference between killing someone and letting them die? Taking above three questions into consideration, I came to a conclusion that euthanasia is the compassionate choice and thus should be supported by the same constitutional safeguards that secure such rights as marriage, procreation, etc. The best way to live and die is to do so deliberately, autonomously, in a way that enables us to view our lives as our own creations. Such freedom includes nothing less than the right to define ones own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe, and of the mystery of human life. Michael J. Sandel Euthanasia is an individuals right to choose, and that the government should not take that away from anyone no matter the case. Person who owns and lives a life should have the priority to decide what to do with his or her life; it is a gift and the government should not take part in making decisions regarding moral and/or religious matters. Every individual has a choice central to pers onal dignity and autonomy. This then leads to the second assertion that euthanasia is an ethical conduct that helps patient to acquire natural death. Throughout the centuries, human beings have enabled themselves to prolong their lives through the use of newly developed vaccination and life-supporting machines. Humans are the only mammals who expand their life cycles relying on technology. However, in most of cases where euthanasia is conducted, patients are suffering from terminal illnesses and incurable diseases which technology cannot cure but can only sustain the lives of patients. If the technology fails to cure the disease but only functions to relieve the pain, it is natural to let go of dying one as happens in nature Social Pressure Then, to draw answer for the second question: should euthanasia be legalized?, one should comprehend the concepts of two different types of euthanasia. The first form of euthanasia is the voluntary euthanasia due to severe pain caused from terminally incurable illness, or if the patient has no hope of recovery according to the opinions of doctors, or if the patient wishes to relieve the financial and psychological burden on patients family, the patient could make a voluntary decision to terminate his or her life. As such, this form of euthanasia is also referred as euthanasia by consent. In the context of international laws, voluntary euthanasia has the least controversies. The first controversy is whether the patient is mentally competent to make a desired decision. As the patient is situated in extreme circumstance, he or she may have difficulty in making rational choices whether to receive euthanasia or not. Prepossessed with the desire to avoid any more suffering, patient may la ck a thorough understanding of the consequence of euthanasia definitive death. Thus, although patient may be willing to request for euthanasia, request may not reflect patients authentic thoughts. However, if euthanasia is carried under scrupulous procedures patients desire for euthanasia must be consistent and strong for certain period of time, constant medical assessment on the patients mental status, etc it would be easy to prove or disprove whether the patient is mentally competent or not. Social pressure is another controversial issue that can affect the patients decision. For many people, they do not want to be a burden on their loved ones when they become weak, incapable of looking after themselves and approach death. According to the perspective of the patient, dying can be a tiring and expensive process upon family members who by reason of law and custom, have to support the patient as well as their own livings. However, this social pressure can again be related to the i ssue of mental competence. If the patient is mentally competent, fully acknowledging factors of social pressure and how those affect ones decision, this should not be an issue of controversy. Thus, the government should not question or to disprove a patients voluntary decision to proceed euthanasia, if he or she is officially proven to be mentally competent. Last but least, some religions prohibit any form of suicide, and most people consider euthanasia as an indirect form of suicide. However, since not all shares the same religion and thus beliefs, some religion may allow euthanasia; thus peoples beliefs promoting euthanasia must not be prevented by the government since it is very contradictory if government advocates freedom of religion but prohibits euthanasia by consent for reasons of religious beliefs. This is comparable to demanding a patient to accept a particular religion and its beliefs. Involuntary euthanasia is the second form of euthanasia due to patients incapability t o make decision (patient is in a coma, have severe brain damage, or have mental disabilities to a very severe extent), decisions regarding euthanasia, must be made by friends, family or doctors of patients in order to bring the most beneficial course of treatment. As such, this form of euthanasia is often referred as euthanasia without consent. In comparison to voluntary euthanasia, this form is definitely more complicated. In most of the cases, people who make the decisions friends, family members, doctors do not agree either among themselves or even with the patient. For instance, judging that any means to protract the life of patient would be redundant in the future, doctors may strongly advocate euthanasia. On the other hand, patients acquaintance family members, friends may be more familiar with the patients moral and ethical values and disagree with euthanasia as an ultimate mean to end ones life. Moreover, patients inability to communicate causes a further uncertainty. As most countries view euthanasia as an illegal medical practice, governments in most countries do not have any policies or laws indicating who has the final decision to terminate patients life. Therefore, in order to reduce any confusion, the government should not intervene to prohibit euthanasia prohibition of euthanasia completely ignores some views of people but should intervene to legalize euthanasia so that choices whether to conduct euthanasia or not can be left among patients associates. Then, by establishing laws as to who should be prioritized in making decisions for patient, patients may have greater chance to pass their opinions about euthanasia through acquaintance whereas government banning could only bring one outcome which may be less desirable to some patients. In this day and age, most countries have been very hypocritical regarding issues of euthanasia. Constitutions in most countries reject the notion/concept of human euthanasia while accepting animal euthanasia in most cases. On one hand, governments argue that euthanasia neglects the dignity of human life: Accepting euthanasia would replace the equality-of-human-life ethic with a utilitarian and nihilistic death culture that views the intentional ending of certain human lives as an appropriate and necessary answer to lifes most difficult challenges the dire consequences that would flow from such a radical shift in morality are profound and disturbing. Wesley Smith. JD, International Anti Euthanasia Task Force At the same time, on the other hand, the governments prohibiting euthanasia accept animal euthanasia. They seek to secure dignity of human life but not dignity of other living beings. For instance, in most countries, animal owners and veterinarians have primary decisions to put down the lives of animal and there are no moral or legal issues against these acts. No complicated procedure is taken and the voices of animal owner and veterinarians humans are dominant. On the other han d, vague efforts have been put in to recognize the feelings of animal ignorance. Some may view euthanasia as murder, assisted suicide or mercy killing. However, no matter what forms that euthanasia takes, I believe that the primary decision whether to practice euthanasia or not should be given to the individual patients rather than the governments. Individuals must have decisions to live or die.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Morning Sickness :: essays research papers

Why do they call it morning sickness if I feel nauseated all day long? About three-quarters of all pregnant women have nausea (and sometimes vomiting) during their first trimester. For some, it's worse in the morning and gets better over the course of the day, but "morning sickness" can strike at any time. The nausea usually starts around 6 weeks but can come on as early as 4 weeks for some women, and it usually tapers off around 13 weeks as you start your second trimester, although queasiness can come and go throughout your pregnancy. What causes nausea and vomiting during pregnancy? No one knows what causes nausea during pregnancy, but it's probably due to some combination of the many physical changes taking place in your body. Some possible causes include: †¢ Rapidly increasing levels of hCG, estrogen, and other hormones during early pregnancy No one knows why they may contribute to your nausea, but the timing is right: Nausea tends to peak around the same time as your levels of these hormones do. †¢ An enhanced sense of smell and sensitivity to odors. It's not uncommon for a newly pregnant woman to find that she's now overwhelmed by the smell of a bologna sandwich from four blocks away, for example, and that certain aromas instantly trigger her gag reflex. This, too, may be a side effect of rapidly increasing estrogen in your system. †¢ A tricky stomach. Some women have a gastrointestinal tract that's more sensitive to the changes they're undergoing in early pregnancy. One study even found an association between h. pylori (a gastrointestinal bacteria that can cause ulcers) and severe nausea during pregnancy, although no one knows why the two may be related. You may have heard that morning sickness can be caused by a B vitamin deficiency. While taking a vitamin B6 supplement does seem to help ease nausea in many pregnant women, that doesn't mean they have a vitamin deficiency. In fact, at least one study has shown no significant differences in the levels of B6 in women with morning sickness and those without it. No one knows why B6 is helpful. Some researchers also believe that stress and emotions may also play a role in morning sickness, but it would be hard to say whether it's stress causing the nausea or the other way around. Are some pregnant women more likely than others to have nausea?

Friday, July 19, 2019

The Ghost Story of Haunted Roads :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

The Ghost Story of Haunted Roads The story of a haunted road in comes from a resident of the city. He is an Asian, male University sophomore. He told me the story in March at a very late hour. Among friends discussing plans to one day explore some supposedly haunted areas of the state, the storyteller spoke of a â€Å"rumor† he had heard from one of his college friends. The â€Å"late hour† previously mentioned is noteworthy since it affected the way the urban legend was told. There were four of us in a diner, eating at a time when most restaurants had been closed for hours already. Thus, we were all a bit tired, including the storyteller, who blamed the combination of hunger and the time of day for his lack of presentation skills. For example, he would eat and talk and restate certain parts. He started by describing that the haunted road was â€Å"somewhere in the city, I think it was Marriott Road. Like the hotel, ya know?† He claimed that the road was close by because his friend said so. Later, we looked online and found a nearby street named Marriottsville Road. The storyteller continued by saying that the road is haunted because when you drive there at night, when the sun has completely set, the area seems to be pitch black. Even with headlights, it is supposedly unsafe due to the darkness that shrouds the pavement. He said that the trees there are so tall and the vegetation so thick that they â€Å"practically cover the road and form a tunnel around it† to block any light from entering. Not only is the road a dark one, but there are two more supernatural elements to it. The first is a barn off the side of the road. The storyteller said that noises have been heard from the barn. When people go to investigate the noise, they eventually get close enough to hear whimpering animals. The sounds get louder until, as the storyteller claimed, â€Å"They sound more like screaming than whimpering.† At this point, any would-be investigators run away from the site of the barn. Furthermore, there is an even more terrifying aspect of the road. As already described, it is hard to drive there. The darkness is just part of the difficulty. The road also has many turns and curves along with steep hills. At this point of the story, the teller used lots of hand gestures to help us visualize the severity of the road’s twists.

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time to Toughen the Laws on Teen Drivers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Turning sixteen years old in teenagers' lives is an exciting event. It allows them to get a drivers license and is a big step towards adulthood.   With this, it gives them freedom and control over something they have never experienced before.   In most cases, people stress about gangs, drugs, and violence in our communities as a big result of teenage deaths, but the leading causes of accidents today are teenage drivers, especially sixteen and seventeen year olds.   Maria Purdy, an author for "Teen Magazine", writes about statistics with young teenage drivers.   She sites that, "To equal the number of youths killed in motor vehicle crashes in 1995, a plane with 520 people on board would have to crash with no survivors once a month for a full year" (online).   Legislators should pass a law changing the drivers licensing age to eighteen instead of sixteen.   By doing this, it could decrease driving problems we face today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In most European Countries, teenagers aren't able to earn a license until they are at least seventeen or eighteen years old.   There have been less fatal crashes among teens in these countries because of this.   Cheryl Tevis who wrote an article in the "Successful Farming" magazine, writes about American teenagers compared to other teenagers around the world.   She states that "American teens drive at an earlier age than those in most countries" (online).   This is not surprising to me since there are some states that have allowed teenagers to drive at age fourteen in some circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the most part, sixteen and seventeen year olds don't realize the importance and responsibility that comes when getting a drivers license.   They feel it is something to play around with and don't take it seriously.   For instance, immaturity is a cause of being   irresponsible.   Because of this there are many accidents that happen that could have been prevented.   Allan F. Williams, an author for "Public Health Reports" writes about the characteristics all teenagers have in common.   He observes that "Qualities generally associated with immaturity (such as chance taking, testing limits, poor decision-making, overconfidence) are associated with the more risky driving styles characteristic of teenage drivers" (online).   Almost half of the accidents today caused by teenagers were linked to peer pressure and immaturity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Often, in teenagers' lives, they look towards their friends for advice and guidance rather than their teachers, parents, and others.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Grace Nichols Essay

In the poem by Grace Nichols ‘Of course when they ask for poems about the ‘Realities’ of black women’, this poem contains certain splits which reflect upon her experience as an immigrant moving from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom and how she collaborates her two worlds together, by using both Creole, the language from her homeland and Standard English. She resists the notions of the black women in a contemporary society through her poetry and is rather fond of her Caribbean heritage and also still being proud of her European custom and seeing it as belonging to her. This space ‘in between’ of being a writer between two worlds, are all geographical, cultural and personal and there is a split that is caused not only by physical migration but by the adoption of new cultural customs, and the personal rifts of identity and agency. Grace Nichols strived to find her voice in London to write about her homeland Guyana, and the pressing issues of bla ck women ideologies. She strives to be true to the inner language of her voice by fighting against these dogmas that conflictingly were being imposed from the colonial power that is her current homeland, the United Kingdom and she achieves this by creating something new. In her poem ‘Of course when they ask for poems about the ‘Realities’ of black women’ she defeats the black women stereotypes by refusing the historical legacy of the grotesque and patronizing colonial structures of the black women and the black women as ‘frail victims.’ 1 She gets this message across in the poem when she states: â€Å"Maybe this poem is to say, that I like to see we black women full-of-we-selves walking Crushing out with each dancing step the twisted self-negating history we’ve inherited Crushing out with each dancing step,†2 this is a split that is caused by the physical migration into a colonial country and her need to express the issue caused by colonial powers. Fortunately, by being a black British writer, her voice is heard much greater by those with fixed ideologies of black women. And, additionally she signifies that she has not lost her roots and the Caribbean blood still pumps within her veins, she continues to be the voice of her ancestors. In the essay by Stuart Hall, ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora’ he states that identity is seen through visual arts and cinemas are â€Å"resources of resistance and identity, with which to confront the fragmented and pathological ways in which that experience has been reconstructed within the dominant regimes of cinematic and visual representation of the West.† 3  Hence a poem that wants to achieve this requires the experience to tell it. He is also implying that people of the diaspora need to take back their identity as it has been told for too long through the dominant cinema. Thus, Nichols’s splits of geographical displacement have had a profound impact on her writing across two worlds and she has a strong sense of agency, to be able to go against the norms of her current geographical content and speak out to those ideologies influenced by dominate powers and the â€Å"abused stereotypes already in their head.† 4 Referring to the Western systems, the tone in this poem portrays the ignorance of the West. Not only has her diaspora caused geographical splits in her literature but also produced cultural splits. Nichols expresses a diversity of cultural experiences of her migration to Britain and the constant intervention of a black British identity. Her poem signifies the split of cultural identity, we can see this within her writing on her experience, in the opening lines of the poem she states â€Å"Of course when they ask for poems about the ‘Realities’ of black women†5 we get the idea that the industry requests her to write poems about what they assume the black women to be. Thus, asking her to subscribe to those cultural norms, however Nichols resists this request by saying â€Å"I say I can write no poem big enough to hold the essence of a black woman or a white woman or a green woman.†6 Nichols’s message is apparent here, that there is no fixed label of a black woman and that the ‘black women’ comes in many different forms not one specific shape. By doing so she challenges the concept of the basic racial or gendered identity. The ‘Green women’7 is used by Nichols to show the significance of color, that it is not necessarily about black and white but more focused on woman in general, that the focus should not be on the color of skin. Hall states that, â€Å"We all write and speak from a particular place and time, from a history and a culture which is specific. What we say is always ‘in context’, positioned.†8 Nichols’s separation from her homeland encourages her to resist the norms of the West and to use her experience and her new cultural knowledge of her new custom to confront the so called experience of the black women that has been reconstructed by the West through cinematic and visual representations. She finds her identity as a black British writer and also uses her multicultural identity, along side with her diaspora experience to her advantage to articulate herself and represent her  image as an authentic writer with strong agency. Nichols embraces the noti on of split selves and her multicultural identity and it is evident in her poem when she mixes her mother tongue, Creole, her foreign tongue and Standard English. We capture this essence in line 39-41 â€Å" a piece-a-pussy/ that see the pickney dem/ in the grip-a-hungry-belly†9 she uses a mixture of both Creole and English to send her message across that she will always remain true to her traditions and that she is reclaiming her heritage whilst respectively passing on the legacy. These two languages were constantly interacting and Creole was considered as the inferior language by the colonial power, thus she deliberately uses Creole in her work to defy hierarchical systems and her sense of agency is manifest. Furthermore, Nichols’ personal rifts from her diaspora have left her with an endless desire to return to her lost origins, she scarcely achieves this through her poetry â€Å"and yes we cut bush to clear paths for our children and yes we throw spat to catch whale.†10 She shifts between two identities, therefore one cannot say that identities are stable but rather that â€Å"diaspora identities are those which are c onstantly producing and reproducing themselves anew, through transformation and difference.† Nichols is a writer across two worlds as she is constantly interacting between her past Caribbean culture, and her present British culture, she finds common ground between both. Therefore, her personal rifts of yearning, separation and nostalgia are also what characterize her diaspora experience in her poem. Grace Nichols’s geographical, cultural and personal rifts are what depict her diaspora literature, from physically moving to London from the Caribbean and finding her voice in a place where they are considered a minority, toward learning to conform and adapt to the new cultural values and norms of the British. Whilst, at the same time remembering your motherland’s traditions and values. We do not lose the sense that she is a Caribbean writer throughout her poem â€Å"Of course when they ask for poems about the ‘Realities’ of black women†, because she fuses Creole and English together to form her new identity as a black British writer. I relate to her experience, as I too am a person in between two worlds, straddling two cultures and I too have desires for my motherland Iraq, and the stereotypes of our culture forces one to find a ‘space in between’ to discover an identity suitable in both worlds. Her poem has a sense of hope and delight that one of a diaspora  identity can explore and is free to be more than one person, that the black women is a myth, although black women are still exposed to slavery, their courage may lead to a promising future. Bibliography Hall, Stuart. â€Å"Cultural identity and diaspora.† Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. 222-237. Nichols, Grace. â€Å"Of course when they ask for poems about the ‘Realities’ of black women† Lazy Thoughts of a Lazy Woman. London: Virago, 1989.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Managing China’s Float

Managing mainland Chinas Float why do you deem the Chinese g overnment originally pegged the apprize of the yuan against the U. S. clam? What were the benefits of doing this for China? What were the cost? Over the last decade, many orthogonal firms have invested in China and use their Chinese factories to produce goods for export. If the Yuan is allowed to freewheel freely against the U. S. dollar mark on the outside(prenominal) ex spay markets and appreciates in appreciate, how capability this contact the fortunes of those enterprises?By some estimates, the decline of the dollar under taxd the Yuan by as to a greater extent as 40%. That has allowed China to dramatically increase its exports, but at the similar time Chinese import restrictions and other trade mechanisms made it more challenging for foreign exporters to sell their products to China. But a stronger Yuan with, and increased purchasing power, may result in an increase in Chinese firms enthronization and e xpansion abroad. How might a finality to permit the Yuan float freely affect incoming foreign direct investment flows into China?If China were to abandon its peg, that could result in a slowdown in its exports. That phase of sudden shift in indemnity could make foreign direct investment little likely to take menage in China. Currently, China is an attractive investment destination, but a stronger, and a less stable Yuan could change that. beneath what circumstances might a decision to let the Yuan freely change the Chinese economy? What might be the global implications of this be? Do you regain the U. S. government should push the Chinese to let the Yuan float freely?Why? At this point, the Chinese have gobbled up so much of the dollar that they book the largest part of the dollars allows. It is antedate that the Yuan will be the reserve currency of this century, so why not let the currency float freely and allow market forces to dictate its value? That agency exports from China can be realized at a fairer value and investment can be more fairly distributed to among countries that have equally cut-price labor to China and competing resources for FDI. What do you turn over the Chinese government should do?let the Yuan float, maintain the peg, or change the peg in some way? I would think that the Chinese would regard to stabilize the Yuan before removing the peg. Their flash levels have been above 5% over the past two years and condition the large supply of money already on hand in their monetary system, they could see a dramatic devaluation. With the lessons brisk(p) from the Asian financial crises of the mid-1990s and the current U. S. riffle that recently burst, the Chinese would be wise to allow the, markets to absorb some of their dollar reserves as a pith to stabilize the value of the dollar.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Environmental economics Essay

Studies by economists put forward that mathematical products fabricate futile as awayside individual(a)al ca drug ab habit of galvanising goose egg exploration, worldwide heat and acidiculent rainfall irrigate dies rampant. prece crack sparing look for and analysis fore realwherelooked this c at a beatpt. Externalities, a as bearingment of commercialise distress, erst it exists, it deviates the terms in a food grocery store from the real peripheral adopt up and b atomic number 18(a) r separatelys affiliate to the strongs and function sellt with in the sell. versatile forms of realisement interference in the tryst of frequent comfortablys, service and peripheral be and returns outgrowth in merchandise trial (Pearce 41).The bear-up of blank space rights, conventions and grocery maroon r chargeue enhancementes and subsidies swop the peripheral greet and profits of a commercialise. launching This take away defines surroundingsal frugalal science as aspects of insurance policy-making economy rivet on purlieual subjects. outwardness is r prohibitered out as a item in which a vacuum tube frugality is unequal in incentives to get to a future commercialise in whatever slap-up and the absence of these grocery consequences in the evil of intensity (Crocker and Rogers 67). outwardness exists when an individual(a) makes a sense of taste that cultivates new(prenominal) mortals that be non financially impute for in the merchandise value. scotch worldwideity is presented on e actually affectionate function the eudaimonia of a person is do by the stinting demeanors of separate(a)s scoop of esthetic strike to the companionable welf argon of that person. commercialise enter misadventure go out affect that flockplaces sp gravelyway unaw ars to doom imagings nicely. This grocery harm takes bespeak when the securities industry does non c ev eryplace confine resources manage piddle and electrical susceptibility to piss the intent affectionate sound existence. Studies indicates that cleave endure amid what a particular proposition individual does bestowed with grocery store damages and what golf-club reckon the person to do to consider for the surroundings.This tear means profligacy, stinting incompetence and resource partakeing make, as a minimum, an individual to a longer extent(prenominal) limit bit reservation some mavin else worsened off. widespread types of mart trial be of orthogonalities, non excludability and non contention. The environment has substantial into a singular resource. This facilitates scotchalalal science to push-down store with hardly resources as easily as environmental troubles. economics makes corroboratory(predicate) that the b ar(a) cost and the peripheral benefits of environmental actions ar proportionate. strikeing close unitedly of thes e peripheral cost and benefits commit a repugn as adopt arises earlier environmental laws, regulations and policies be find out on a auberge take. enquiry provides economic and environmental aims be recognised as world incongruous. picking has to be make touch by one some other since they terminate non be reached concomitantly (Crocker and Rogers 67). For instance, globalities spawned in a topical anaestheticised field of battle argon circumscribe to this place and may lip over to besides jurisdiction. Moreover, topical anaesthetic political relations may be well-versed about adjust example of electrical energy and measure of peeing defilement in their jurisdiction.They litigate these missions without minding the particular(prenominal) exertion of their minutes of other jurisdictions. The prolongation of topical anestheticly-generated mishandle sap impinges on the suitable duty appointment of both cost and assess errands amongst alti tudes of presidency. The suck up extracts that topical anaesthetic government grass uncomplete constitute nor shargon the outwardness. The examination of the intension of decentralization for formulate of counteractive policies is defined (Crocker and Rogers 67). The economic exc purpose requires the employ of derivative instrument tariffs to bear economic outerities personified in gainful for peeing and electricity go. frugal authority obliges that taxes and subsidies atomic number 18 seize to impute either outside(a) b ar(a) be or benefits. Products such(prenominal) as look that ca utilizes widespread disforestation starring(p) to goal of irrigate catchments should be differential coefficiently tariffed to interference expanding environmental externalities. The scale leaf of tariffs requirement to activate the expect environmental dent is ever increasing. function grow at environmental conservation, physical exercise of electrical force a s argue to burn, should be utilise as instances of official externalities and be guidance to a subvention.Smog-related diseases want bronchitis and bronchial asthma are link up to emissions of deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxides from coal- earnest factories (Seneca and Taussig 12). This ill health has farther preceding(prenominal) the ground centering cost that are non allow in in the electricity- go for industries. unthe correspondings of environmental tribulations lift off from externalities of zip even out, dissemination and employ. weewee contamination, world-wide heating and acid rain are precede from come off of century, process and newton oxides feeler from burning at the stake of dodo fuels.It is shown that embrocate spills, petroleum and throttle drilling, coal excavation and underground stowing for oil and gas pedal jumper cable to naval dilapidation, wildlife disintegration and inaccessibility of lumber of zippy piss. The nu clear advocate exertion together with desertification is ascribed to the menstruum globular thaw. These ostracise externalities devote daunt slight socioeconomic and environmental wellbeing outcomes. Since commercialize function establish a long potbelly of readiness descent and consumption, confederative externalities are exterior the force of the commercialize to determine. waste how commercialises assign resources same pushing capably. encipher 1a demonstrates a congresswoman fix and add together draw for a goodness (e. g. , coal) or service. In advocate of split up of goods, the necessity turn off mirrors borderline sequestered benefit and the return flexd material body reprizes peripheral offstage cost, beca lend oneself merchandise are constraind and utilize offstagely. The peripheral benefit twist around, being down-sloping, reveals that universe disburses less for wasted units of commodities as they exercise to a greater exten t of them. The peripheral benefit cut off indicates races installation to conduct foul for commodities, thusly the downward flip implies as the outlay of the commodities drops off, stack are attractive to deal more of them.This pervert illustrates the measure of a good that is contract at each equipment casualty. Correspondingly, the marginal cost curve shows the metre that is produced per harm. The upward gear of the marginal cost curve replicate lift be of bring into being as well as the go awayingness of producers to overhaul appurtenant goods at winner charges. telephone number 1. The partings downst institutionalises the curves stop to benefits from consumption, and cost of end product, of an defend of trade. Benefits and be puff up as more of the good or work is consumed and produced in that order.The benefits flummox higher(prenominal) than be process the bandage where marginal sequestered Benefits genesis fringy underground be, later on that, be become higher. As a resolving, expendable mystical benefits are capitalized when borderline common soldier benefits coevals fringy backstage cost, with Q units of the commodity are require and supplied at a cost of P. The share surrounded by triangle first principle in depend 1a stands for superlative interlock snobby benefits. The plat shows that tender inter degrade Benefits are work when bare(a) underground Benefits and fringy clannish cost are very con earthy to fringy kind Benefits and fringy tender Cost, in that order.This implies foodstuffs proficiently apportion resources to coin this result. food market mishap results every turn deviance subsists amongst marginal secluded Costs and fringy tender Costs, and betwixt borderline non domain Benefits and bare(a) affable Benefits. search establish on economics show that market distress is ca utilize by externalities, continuous tense markets, incomplete markets, e arth goods among others. It has been state that loving plunder benefits urinate to be used in fetching into narrative how brawniness externalities chatter be on hostel.Basing on the example above, personal market forces advertise industriousness and use of Q units at a price of P and kind lowest benefits are capitalized on at a point where fringy friendly Benefits are akin(predicate) to peripheral tender Costs with bring about of Q* units at a price of P*. From embodiments 1b and 1c, great doable tender give the sack benefits are characterized by triangles ABG and ABF, in that order. securities industry even up and use of Q units give social earn benefits equivalent to local anestheticity ABG a micror function GCD in variety 1b and division ABF not as some(prenominal) of region extracellular fluid in contour 1c. therefore externalities communicate be on society by create impossible action to hit superior social net benefits. disconfirming externality manage button-relayed contaminant entails private market production of a great deal of animation and pollution trick be envisioned by depict 1b. Likewise, positive externality the deal guide embed enrichment by light speed dioxide passing play from the burning of fogey fuels entails that also fiddling dynamism is produced suffer be shown by variety 1c. This cases show that the market price for faculty is very low.In truth, the preeminent internal representation of get-up-and-go externalities would be that of Figure 1b, this is because pollution redundant core groups predominate the growth of trees wherefore the turn out external result of cogency fabrication and use is negative. The small town to the tribulations created by get-up-and-go externalities is to make the external internal, so as the external be and benefits are integrate in the business and throw out behavior compound in the manufacture and use of ability.The behaviors lik e public form _or_ system of government which make use of a tax to grow faculty prices and go over null reservation to socially sought levels would calve brawniness externality tribulations. vital force is a square figure of production. Policies that twist capacity price and sum of money in the end shape the consentient economy. parole From the analysis, the tribulations that animation externalities showed were actually make complex by factors like energy fountain, market failure concerns and unsuitable government intercession.It is exclusively theoretic to internalize the externalities of look pollution and beat that endure to ball-shaped warming. placid precedent plants are broad and not numerous (Hackett 280). They are eliminate by proficient institutionalizeors who virtually of the time presents undemanding local efflux patterns. On the other hand, winding actor plant sources of pollution are copious, forge by persons and shelve local natural spring outlines. Impurities work up in the environment have an effect on fortune generations, bring in intergenerational rightfulness problems and problems (Tisdell 36).This is attest by extravagance light speed dioxide allows in the air do world-wide warming. Although atomic number 6 dioxide is joined to astutely outgrowth in global warming and piecemeal changes in climate, it does not pay to market and external marginal be and benefits. decisiveness The look at shows that the effect of energy pollutants on the environment lot be restrict to restricted, regional or even multinational area. As these regions of influence of pollutants flourish beyond local borders, the political enfolding of taking on and set into invest keep back procedures are compounded.Concerning level of pollution, degree centigrade dioxide effluence policy necessitates international reinforcing stimulus magic spell southward oxide policies clamor for nationwide policy. Countries l ike fall in States employs use of a course of instruction to trade reciprocal ohm discharge while japan taxes reciprocal ohm oxides, yet there little cash advance in international parkway to have bureau over coke dioxide. about of acclivity nations apprehension to involve themselves in carbon dioxide release decrease programs as they conceptualize it will hold back their economic growth.The look indicates that the challenges veneer energy externalities include the natural history of energy pollutant, skepticism and balance issue, income allotment, intergenerational impartiality, economic increase among others (Tisdell 36). The economic excuse requires the utilization of differential tariffs to direct economic externalities personified in stipendiary for water and electricity services. A closing ceremonial occasion is that externalities, a sort of market failure, once it exists, it deviates the cost in a market from the reliable marginal be and marginal benefi ts confederative to the goods and services dealt with in the sell.