Ic to Nano

SAY IC TO NANO A Paper On Nano Internal Combustion engines Paper Presented By, N. TONY V. KUMAR cardinal B. TECH. IIIB. TECH. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING G. PULLAREDYENGG COLLEGE G. PULLAREDDYENGG COLLEGE emailprotected com ph9573071011 ph9493205458 pic insane asylumWhat is nano technology? Its worth pointing out that the word nanotechnology has become truly popular and is employ to describe many types of research where the characteristic dimension argon less than around gramsand nano meter If we are to continue these trends we go away sop up to die a new manufactu isthmus technology which go out permit us inexpensively make water nano system with mole quantities that are molecular(a) in both size of it of it and precision and are inter affiliated in complex patterns NANO TECHNOLOGY result DO THIS. What is awake locomotive?Heat engines hit on the principle of converting chemical energy into automatonlike work and evolve from external confl agration engine to internal combustion engine. External combustion engine is the heat engine in which give notice combustion takes place external to piston chamber. Due to this it is bulky and consumes lot of place. irregular innovation of heat engines are ICE in which displace combustion takes internally and consumes less place and became compact, cost effective. Of late third revolution is NANO Internal Combustion Engine. It is difficult to thread- in a chevvy.Imagine working with an putz with iodine billionth of meter. Construction of Nano A 0. 1cc Compression Ignition Engine pic The Nano is a 0. 1cc (thats less than 0. 01 cuin) compression ignition engine most frequently, if passably inaccurately, referred to as a diesel. It was designed by Richard Gordon and the plans were included as a supplement with the British Magazine Model Engineer in the early 1990s pic An idea of the size of the Nano is given by this picture. From buttplate to drive washing machine is less t han 1 inch.There are no exotic reals required. The crank font is hacked from a substantiality cube of aluminum 3/4 on a side. The speculator and contra piston are cast iron. The crankshaft and liner are any old(a) mark from the scrap box. pic Here is an exploded view of the engine. The odd feel thing in the fore free-base is a special Nano-Spanner required to modify the back plate. It also adequates the elicit nipple. The construction is extremely conventional plainly the scale is unusual. pic Like all model IC projects, there are a few special jigs and tools required to construct the Nano.All are amply detailed in the plan, which includes timbre by step instructions with photos. The supply ship is made from water hardening drill rod (called silver steel in the UK because of its appearance it contains no silver). the teeth are create of Dermal-type concentrate-off wheel. pic The attender is used to form the exhaust ports in the cylinder. There are one-third of the se, spaced at 120 degrees with sufficient space between them for the locomote transfer ports to slightly overlap the timing. The crown of the piston is conical to go to transfer.The contra piston has a matching concave conical depression. pic As mentioned preceding(prenominal)ly, the crankcase is formed from a cube of aluminum. The venturi is machined separately and secured with Lok-Tite forrader the final reaming of the crankshaft journal. Notice the trey transfer passages in the photo. These sack in a transfer bang below the cylinder seat that matches with the cylinder transfer ports. If you looking for very closely, youll also absorb the stuff-up that turned away part of the venturi opening. Always happens on the last operation n pic Theres nothing special in the crankshaft components. some other jig (not shown) is made to hold the shaft in the 3- confer chuck, off dress circle by half the throw for forming the crank pin. Even at these sizes, final lap to size is no di fferent from larger engines in terms of the come in of metal that must be LEFT for removal. Only the microscopic size aims things difficult. The prop driver knurls were formed with a thread form tool, set on edge and used as a shaper. The prop en is anodized in the usual way. picAgain, apart from their size, theres nothing special about the needle valve components the needle itself was made from steel and blued it by a quick heat in a gas flame followed by water quenching. No big deal, but the amazing thing is the attention it draws with people who take in the engine. This costs just US$10(Rs. 440/-) but. When it was fired, it dismissal brie zap, oscillating back and forth about TDC like over compressed diesels with small mass fly wheels are wont to do. Running .but spring starters are the only way to start ultra small diesels hand propping just wont work.Also, the supply for mini diesels needs a lot of ether as higher(prenominal) as 50% by volume. With high ether fuel an d a spring starter, the little Nano depart burst into biography. Richard Gordon claims it will turn 40,000 rev yes, thats no typo, forty thousand revolutions per minute. Ameri nookie engine builder Ron Colona used to demo his at model design shows and act at better than 20,000 rpm. The Components Used picCrankcase picBackplate picCylinder and Head picVenturi and Needle Valve Assembly picConrods and Crankshafts picPiston and Contra-Piston picFinal Assembly and Test theme Crankcase and Cylinder rough-out The crankcase starts off as a chunk of aluminum suspend of about 1-1/2 diameter, sawn to length, plus a little bit. The first step is to finish turn the front section with a 1/4 wheel spoke where the journal blends into the body. The photo shows the roughing out process. Note that the tool is raked back sharply date hoggin great cuts are made so that if it take away in, the cut will be forced shallower, not deeper as it would be if the tool were set raked forward like a regular lingua tool.Next we need to remove all the excess aluminum that does not look like a crankcase. This hind end easily be through with a band saw, or less easily done with a metal saw In either case, marking out is simplified by preparing a full size profile on paper, centered in a circle the same size as the bar stock. Mine was done from the CAD drawings, but pencil and compass could achieve the same turn out with about the same effort. The paper template has a hole cut roughly in the middle to accommodate the journal and the blended radius where it meets the front face. It is attached to the face with a standard glue stick. If youre careful, this will last long enough to complete the butchery. Saw to inside about 1/32 (1mm) of the outline.Take care because heat buildup will melt the glue. The close photo shows the four basic stages in crankcase manufacture picBar stock unfilled picJournal turned and sawing template glued in place picCrankcase rough sawn to within 1mm of the template outline picThe finished crankcase pic Backplate The back plate is simple turning with only some aspects of work holding posing any problems. In this first slam, the back plate profile has been turned on a piece of bar stock with the interior face oriented towards the tailstock. This heart and soul we will be screw harsh towards the shoulder formed by the back plate brim, so a thin (0. 20) run out groove is first cut at the thread/rim junction to the depth of the thread form. This also assures the back plate will form a tight seal against the rear of the crankcase. The thread cutting tool is a piece of 1/4 diameter HSS steel, ground to a 60 degree point with seven degrees of side rake, mount in a tracting tool holder. This magnificent gad turn back takes a while to make but is absolutely invaluable to thread cutting. The little crank lever actuates a spring loaded, over center cam just requiring a flick to retract the tool b it by about 3/16. This allows the saddle to be repositioned for the succeeding(a) cutting pass without having to gyrate dials and remember settings.The cylinder blank has now been replaced in the 3 jaw chuck with the top of flange against the jaws and some thin aluminum shim (beer can material) around the outside to protect the finish and thread. The bore will be drilled so as to leave 8 to 10 thou to be removed by the reamer. It is pilot drilled first. Im told its good go for to select a pilot size no grater than half the next drilling size to prevent the next size wandering. Here we see the reamer being floated into the bore using the tailstock (larger hand reamers will have a dimple in the end which assists this operation. For this operation, the headstock is turned by hand. slide by up plenty of suds and never rotate the chuck backwards. The reamer is prevented from rotating by resting the tap handle on the compound slide.A piece of shim material protects the slide from dam age by the handle. The transfer ports of the weaver are unusual. They manufacture 5 vertical channels, spaced equidistantly around the forward 180 degrees of the cylinder. They terminate in a transfer belt below the exhaust ports. This establishment avoids the induction port at the cylinder rear. These ports cannot be cut originally reaming (or boring) as their presence would make it impossible to cut the bore accurately. This flash-failure shot shows how they are drilled. A short aluminum (or brass) plug is turned to be an interference fit up the bore. The holes are then drilled at the intersection of the cylinder and plug.The cylinder wall will be kind of thin adjacent the transfer passages, but by using a slightly softer material for the plug, the drill will incline towards the softer material, preventing any riskiness or a ruined part. Venturi and Needle Valve Assembly In the previous section, the cylinder had progressed to a nearly finished state, soundless requiring inte rnal lapping. lap should always be the last operation on a cylinder of this type. This means the boss for attaching the side port venturi must be fitted before lapping can be done. In this session, the boss is made and the associated split for the venturi and needle valve. The boss will be soft soldered to the cylinder (diesels dont get hot enough to melt soft solder). . older does not make the joint, it only keeps the air out and schooled me to make a good fit of parts to be soldered. The boss will butt to the cylinder, which has an outside diameter of 0. 500. So, a good fit can be achieved by profiling the boss with a 1/2 end mill. In this photo, we see the boss blank (enough for four) which has been finished outside, drilled ready for tapping and transferred still in the 3 jaw chuck to the mill for end profiling. Applications Nano IC engine has various applications ranging from race cars to space crafts. ? In race cars this IC Nano Engine was used. The engine was fully fabricat ed, that is, no castings were employed. pic It can be controlled in aero planes/satellites/space ships etc. , the timing of in let and exhaust valves. harmonise to NASA reports they are experimenting about the use of nano engine in nano & pico satellites. In case of a mine tragedy where subtle gases are emitted ,these nano IC engines can be employed as powerful blowers to blow out these gases is a less time saving the lives of trapped miners .We require at least 5-6 blowers to blow these gases where as cardinal nano IC engines could do the tick in less time. Agriculture pumps sets. Every field of industry. Prospects The problem Every daylight people are spending more and more money because of uprising gas prices. People all over the world are exhausting to find a replyeven visiting websites to locate the warm and cheapest gas, all the while losing time and mileage just to reach these fuel stations. Many have been giving up favorite hobbies and changin g manner plans because of the need to reallocate their funds for gas.For those of us who must drive to work or school, it seems we have little choice but to continue gainful more. Now, there is a way to fight back against these constant increases in gas pricesand to fight pollution and protect the environment in the process. The solution Use the most advanced technology available to improve fuel economy, prolong the engine life, reduce harmful emissions and protect the environment. The number one product for fuel economy, power and pollution control is now available. 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Protects the environment by reducing harmful emissions and fighting global warming. pic Summing upWith the application of Nano in every sphere of life the big may not find its place in engineering dictionary in future. If we are to continue these trends we will have to develop a new manufacturing technology, which will let us inexpensively build nano system with mole quantities that are molecular in both size and precision and are, inter connected in complex patterns NANO TECHNOLOGY WILL DO THIS. NANO technology with all its challenges and opportunities is an avoidable part of our future. It can be rightly said that nano technology slowly and steadily assuring in the next Industrial Revolution. Bibliography www. Bbc. co. uk emailprotected com www. google. co. in